Basic Info

Serotype prediction based on their surface antigens, such as O, H, and K antigens.

More Details

The serotype represents the genetic markers displayed by proteins in blood plasma. Due to the genetic polymorphism of some serum proteins, phenotypic differences arise among individuals. Therefore, serotyping has become an important classification method, especially for many foodborne microorganisms such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. This method is also widely used in epidemiological investigations. By determining the serotype of bacteria, we can provide a solid basis for antimicrobial therapy. Specifically, through in-depth analysis of the characteristics of bacterial somatic cells, such as the O antigen, cell surface proteins, H antigen, and K antigen, we can accurately classify bacteria based on their serotypes.

What's New

Thus far, over100 pneumococcal capsular serotypes have been identified. Distinct capsular serotypes may differ in their ability to colonize the nasopharynx or cause IPD. Serotype 1 was among the first serotypes discovered in the early 20th century and ranks among the most common serotypes associated with IPD globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, South America and Asia, where it is widely associated with outbreaks. Serotype 3 have historically been associated with a much higher attack rate and/or morbidity than other serotypes and often has severe clinical manifestations: most commonly bacteremia-induced septic shock, meningitis, and pneumonia.

Additional Information

NA

Literature

Ganaie F, Saad JS, McGee L, et al. A New Pneumococcal Capsule Type, 10D, is the 100th Serotype and Has a Large cps Fragment from an Oral Streptococcus. mBio. 2020;11(3):e00937-20. Published 2020 May 19. doi:10.1128/mBio.00937-20

Knight JR, Dunne EM, Mulholland EK, et al. Determining the serotype composition of mixed samples of pneumococcus using whole-genome sequencing. Microb Genom. 2021;7(1):mgen000494. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000494

Kong F, Wang W, Tao J, et al. A molecular-capsular-type prediction system for 90 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes using partial cpsA-cpsB sequencing and wzy- or wzx-specific PCR. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(Pt 4):351-356. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.45924-0